Development of py curves for analysis of laterally loaded piles in western washington author. Its model has been created using the ansys software system. Test pile program to determine axial capacity and pile setup. Aft provided the testing services for the project dynamic, static, statnamic, and acell. Vertical load analysis of piles 1 vertical load analysis of piles by py curves load transfer mechanism when the ultimate load applied on the top of the pile is qu, a part of the load is transmitted to the soil along the length of the pile and the balance is transmitted to the pile base. The tests have been performed on piles of 1 200 mm diameter and 50 m long. Federation of piling specialists handbook on pile load testing. This has the effect of increasing the total vertical stress in the soil by an amount equal to the value of the surcharge. Dynamic load testing is carried out with two identical bolton strain and acceleration transducers attached to a section of pile. A total of 22 indicator piles were installed on the project using the pile driving analyzer to monitor the pile behavior. Grl can perform dynamic load testing on driven piles, drilled shafts, augercast piles, micropiles, helical piles, and other cast in place foundations.
Cast in place auger piles of 500 mm diameter and m depth below the ground surface are constructed in the site. The main objective of the lateral load test, for which these two piles were used, was to obtain the real displacement recorded over the top of the piles when being subjected to a horizontal load, and to. The obtained results have been compared with results of the pile loading test performed during the construction of a multifunctional building. Lateral load tests on helical pile with helixpile software. A hammer mass of about 1 to 2% of the test load is generally sufficient. In the conclusion the results have been presented in graphs. Loaddeflection behavior of piles and piles groups studies on deflection of single better piles and pile groups are reported by murthy 1965. Static and dynamic lateral loading of pile groups u. Per clarke and duncan 2001, the characteristic load method clm of analysis of laterally loaded piles duncan et al. Load test on piles methods of pile load test the constructor. Standard test methods for deep foundations under lateral load1. Lateral pile load tests are most commonly used during the design phase of solar foundations and help validate an engineers calculations regarding the piles stiffness and subsurface interaction.
Two types of tests namely initial and routine tests, for each type of loading viz. Laterally loaded single piles construction of py curves from the cone penetration test. The greater of the hydrodynamic load or impact road for the landward piles was chosen as f design for the. Work began this summer on the load test program which consisted of one 8foot test shaft, two 24inch driven steel pipe piles, and two 42inch driven steel pipe piles, all installed in the st. Design of lateral load test at m19 pier target maximum lateral load. When measuring the wave speed, pile shall be laid down horizontally on flat ground, and measure shall be. It is generally accepted that a load test is the most reliable means of determining the actual pile capacity. Sfs can help with all of your lateral testing needs. Dynamic load testing is a fast, reliable and cost effective method of evaluating foundation bearing capacity. When measuring the wave speed, pile shall be laid down horizontally on flat ground, and measure shall be taken to prevent contact with other piles. When test loads are high, the logistics of setting up a loading system for tension tests on concrete bored piles can be quite difficult as the quantity of steel needed to transfer the load down into the test pile has to be sufficient for the test loads applied, necessitating multiple steel. Behavior of piles in fullscale, field lateral loading tests wsdot. Standard test methods for deep foundations under lateral load.
These calculations are done considering angle of shearing resistance as 28 0 through the pile length. Behavior of piles in fullscale, field lateral loading tests. Behavior of piles in fullscale, field lateral loading tests author. Piles are often required to resist lateral loads and. Louisiana transportation research center louisiana state. Test pile program to determine axial capacity and pile. Enter loaddeflection graph as follows with the average load per pile to estimate group deflection using the. Lateral load carrying capacity of model pile groups. Standard test methods for deep foundations under lateral. Despite its large use as a tool in foundation design, the cpt test was rarely recommended in the pile foundation literature to define the py curve parameters for laterally loaded piles. Lateral load testing of model piles, phase 1 mpc9660 ugpti.
The test may also be configured to meet the requirements of force pulse testing per astm d7383, which may also be referred as rlt rapid load testing. Dlt is considerably faster than static tests and at a fraction of the cost. Due to the limitations of the testing apparatus, the piers could not be loaded to more than 890 kn 200 kip lateral load. For tests on steel piles, or a steel load frame, weld the test plates to the pile or load frame. In initial test, the test load 52 times the working load in work test load is 32 times the design load. The initial test is performed before the start of construction to assess the design adequacy. A case study 781 theoretical pile capacity calculations made as per is 2911 part 1. A summary of the results can be found in a presentation made to aldot at the 62nd annual. The significance of a properly conducted load test is that it furnishes the actual soil resistance at the site upon which design can be based reliably. Pdf a new reinforced concrete arch bridge called eye has been constructed in skopje.
Dynamic formulas, pileload tests, or a combination are used onsite to determine if the piles are adequately designed and placed. Enter load deflection graph as follows with the average load per pile to estimate group deflection using the. Simplified analysis of laterally loaded pile groups. Earlier instrumented pile results have shown 55% as skin friction contribution. Modelling of a lateral load test on piles using simplified. Divide the lateral load to be resisted by the pile group by the number of piles in the group to determine the average lateral load resisted per pile. The purpose of carrying out pile driving test is to confirm on the design bearing capacity, soil condition, design length of pile, construction period and applicability of construction equipment and the pile driving test shall always be carried out in the presence of the engineer. Fugro loadtest has a wealth of experience with traditional load testing and can offer the complete service, using reaction systems or kentledge, bespoke ready assembled reaction systems, automated load control, the monitoring of the pile load and displacement, monitoring of additional instruments, reporting and analysis. The test plate shall have side dimensions not more than, and not less than one half of, the diameter or side. Load deflection behavior of piles and piles groups studies on deflection of single better piles and pile groups are reported by murthy 1965. The jack load shall be transferred to the test piles by means of steel bearing plates that bear firmly against the test piles. Deep foundations under lateral load1 centurion fondation. Approval of the engineerincharge shall be also be obtained after the test set. Davisson, department of civil engineering, university of illinois, urbana pile foundations usually find resistance to lateral loads from a passive soil resistance on the face of the cap, b shear on the base of the cap, and c passive soil resistance against the pile shafts.
Seven piles were submitted to dynamic load tests and also to static load tests piles were 2 78x0. He has developed non dimensional solution for the case of lateral loads acting at ground level for better piles. A few tests include known piles, and last two lateral load tests directly on helical piles are presented. The design working lateral load of the pile is 60 kn and the test load 120 kn. In order to measure the pile response to the lateral loads, the test pile was instrumented with 14 pairs of foil strain gages mounted at 3. Arch bridges transfer significant lateral loads to. Apple dynamic load testing systems grl engineering.
It can be used for prefabricated piles, castinplace concrete piles steel piles and wooden piles. Five piles were installed to a depth of 18 ft and consisted of one bottom section and. A lateralload test of a fullscale pile group in sand. Foundation contractors that are part of a concessionaire team pursuing the project were allowed to bid the load test program. The design load is the greater of the breaking wave load or impact load for the seaward first row of piles. Bridge foundations, field tests, loads, peat, piles \supports. The paper deals with design of model and verification of a pile loaded by pressure. The statnamic device and the instrumented test piles used on this research project are available for future use to assist state dots in the design of laterally loaded pile groups on productionlevel projects. The results of the analyses were used to develop nonlinear relationships between.
For test piles without a flat side of adequate width to mount the test plate. Other model test piles also show similar type of behaviour. Pile driving analysis is a powerful tool to control the pile driving process. The jack load shall be transferred to the test piles by means. Initial tests the safe load on a single pile shall be the least of the following. The maximum test load to be applied must be agreed in advance so that the test pile, pile cap if required and the load testing equipment reaction piles kentledge hydraulic ram and pumpbidirectional load cellrapid or dynamic test energy can all be designed or chosen so as to apply the maximum test load safely. The tests in decomposed granitic rock were performed on 1. The lateral load was applied at the ground surface. Pdf laterally loaded single piles construction of py. It is often possible to conduct several dynamic load tests in a single day.
The test may also be configured to meet the requirements of force pulse testing per astm d7383, which may. This paper presents the numerical simulation of load carrying capacity of piles in residual soils. Lateral pile load testing solar foundation services sfs. He investigated the behavior of model instrumented piles subjected to horizontal load. Pdf lateral load test of reinforced concrete bored piles of. Dynamic load testing using pda is an efficient and reliable alternative to static load test. According to eurocode 7 8, every pile foundation design should be based on the results of a static load test.
It is a standard practice to conduct load tests in large projects either in the design phase or during construction. Photos of a lateral load testing program on steel pipe piles near the san francisco oakland bay bridge, in 1994. The test beam is restrained by an anchorage system consisting of reaction piles installed in the adjacent ground to provide tension resistance. The maximum test load to be applied must be agreed in advance so that the test pile, pile cap if required and the load testing equipment reaction pileskentledge hydraulic ram and pumpbidirectional load cellrapid or dynamic test energy can all be designed or chosen so as. Introduction lateral load performance and design of pin piles yresults of lateral load tests including load and deflection ycomparison of lateral tests results to predictions using lpile, navfac, and characteristic load method clm ycombined stresses yoptions for increasing lateral resistance yanalysis for battered piles the intent is to demonstrate that micropiles and.
Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of lateral resistance along the pile shaft and the longterm loaddeflection behavior. Wave speed shall be measured for pile prior to setting up the pole for loading test. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations introduction because of the nonavailability of reliable procedures for assessing the load transfer mechanisms between piles and surrounding soil, or for determining the ultimate capacity of piles, fullscale load tests are conducted. Analysis of pile foundation subjected to lateral and vertical. Development of py curves for analysis of laterally loaded. Lateral load test photos of a lateral load testing program on steel pipe piles near the san francisco oakland bay bridge, in 1994. Dynamic load testing for foundation bearing capacity. The heads of several 2foot diameter steel pipe piles numbered with white paint extend 2 or 3 feet above the ground surface. Average the load for a given deflection from all piles in the group i. The pile is then struck with a driving hammer or a separate drop weight. The test pile is loaded using a calibrated hydraulic jack that applies the test load to the pile by pushing against a beam placed directly over the test pile. Analysis of pile foundation subjected to lateral and. This corresponds to a lateral load per pile of 35 kips, which exceeds typical design loads for hp 10 x 42 piles by a factor of three to four. Lateral load capacity of piles transportation research board.
Dynamic load testing shall be performed during pile driving work. Dynamic load tests are standardized by astm d4945 standard test method for highstrain dynamic testing of piles, provided an adequate ram is available. Plans, specifications, provisions, or combinations thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. Integrity tests and horizontal load tests of piles in a slope. This section includes a number of tests that were considered in the verification of lateral pile analyses with helixpile. Dynamic load testing dlt is a quick method to evaluate the bearing capacity of a pile for loads similar to the design load. Lateral pile load test calibration for helical pile software helixpile. Load tests on piles are conducted on completion of 28 days after casting of piles.
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